Describe the similarities and differences in coding data between the transcendental and hermeneutical approaches.

How would you organize the data from each approach?

Which coding errors do you need to be aware of when coding data?

Include your own experience as well as two citations that align with or contradict your comments as sourced from peer-reviewed academic journals, industry publications, books, and/or other sources. Cite your sources using APA formatting.

If you found contradicting information to what your experience tells you, explain why you agree or disagree with the research.

Describe the similarities and differences in coding data between the transcendental and hermeneutical approaches.

How would you organize the data from each approach?

Which coding errors do you need to be aware of when coding data?

Include your own experience as well as two citations that align with or contradict your comments as sourced from peer-reviewed academic journals, industry publications, books, and/or other sources. Cite your sources using APA formatting.

If you found contradicting information to what your experience tells you, explain why you agree or disagree with the research.

Describe the similarities and differences in coding data between the transcendental and hermeneutical approaches.

How would you organize the data from each approach?

Which coding errors do you need to be aware of when coding data?

Include your own experience as well as two citations that align with or contradict your comments as sourced from peer-reviewed academic journals, industry publications, books, and/or other sources. Cite your sources using APA formatting.

If you found contradicting information to what your experience tells you, explain why you agree or disagree with the research.

Step 1. Select and Research
Select and research at least one global organization (the World Economic Forum, the World Bank, the World Health Organization, etc.).

Step 2. Summarize
From the research, summarize what you learned about education topics related to the selected global organization.

Step 3. View and Critique
View and critique the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0zxvYwOvns&feature=youtu.be

Education for Sustainability | Jaimie Cloud | TEDxWindham (Links to an external site.)

Step 4. Address
Address the question: What can we as a global society realistically accomplish by pursuing goals of global education?

Step 5. Create
Create a 1- to 2-page infographic that features the selected global organization and what you learned about education. See the Learning Objects page for a template or design one of your own.

Step 6. Cite
Use APA (6th edition) format for in-text citations and references. Reference at least three scholarly articles.

Step 1. Select and Research
Select and research at least one global organization (the World Economic Forum, the World Bank, the World Health Organization, etc.).

Step 2. Summarize
From the research, summarize what you learned about education topics related to the selected global organization.

Step 3. View and Critique
View and critique the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0zxvYwOvns&feature=youtu.be

Education for Sustainability | Jaimie Cloud | TEDxWindham (Links to an external site.)

Step 4. Address
Address the question: What can we as a global society realistically accomplish by pursuing goals of global education?

Step 5. Create
Create a 1- to 2-page infographic that features the selected global organization and what you learned about education. See the Learning Objects page for a template or design one of your own.

Step 6. Cite
Use APA (6th edition) format for in-text citations and references. Reference at least three scholarly articles.

Step 1. Select and Research
Select and research at least one global organization (the World Economic Forum, the World Bank, the World Health Organization, etc.).

Step 2. Summarize
From the research, summarize what you learned about education topics related to the selected global organization.

Step 3. View and Critique
View and critique the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0zxvYwOvns&feature=youtu.be

Education for Sustainability | Jaimie Cloud | TEDxWindham (Links to an external site.)

Step 4. Address
Address the question: What can we as a global society realistically accomplish by pursuing goals of global education?

Step 5. Create
Create a 1- to 2-page infographic that features the selected global organization and what you learned about education. See the Learning Objects page for a template or design one of your own.

Step 6. Cite
Use APA (6th edition) format for in-text citations and references. Reference at least three scholarly articles.

Personal Branding Talk: 1. Research the objective of a short-term career plan and then write one for yourself at your present stage. This will require reflection but is a great exercise in order to think about what you want to do after you graduate from George Brown College. Use your elevator speech. 2. Research what an informational interview is and explain the outcome of an informational interview. And, then write 5 questions you would ask in an informational interview. What was the reason you chose the questions you did???

Discussion MAIN POST

After reading the Chiao & Blizinsky (2013) article, what were your main takeaways? How would you describe the field of cultural neuroscience? Please find another scholarly source that addresses this topic and share what you found with the class.

RonS RESPOND TO THE MAIN POST
Manage Discussion Entry

      Chiao and Blizinsky (2013) advance that cultural neuroscience examines how cultural values, practices, and beliefs influence and are influenced by neurobiological mechanisms. These neurobiological mechanisms include evolutionary, developmental, and situational timescales. Cultural neuroscientists consider theoretical and methodological elements from cultural psychology, neuroscience, and neurogenetics to explore the intersectionality between culture and genes in the manifestation of psychological and neural pathways.
        An example is advanced by Ames and Fiske (2010) who advance that cultural neuroscience considers behavioral expression predicated on perceptual differences between various cultures. Ames and Fiske (2010) explain how Western populations tend to focus on specific objects, while Eastern populations give primacy to the context that the objects are situated in. When using a functional magnetic resonance imaging machine, neural differences can explain this distinction. The author finds this difference to be very interesting. Sue and Sue (2016) advance that Western societies tend to be individualistic, while Eastern societies tend to focus on the collective. This can explain, how Western societies focus on the object, namely an individualistic idea, and Eastern societies focus on the context, namely the collective idea.
      Cultural neuroscience is interesting in these distinctions as Chiao and Blizinsky (2013) express that a seminal goal of neuroscience is to elucidate human behavior by describing cultural, environmental, and biological conditions that contribute to its varied outcomes. A vital take away is that cultural values, practices, and beliefs effect neural pathways. What is even more interesting is that these contributions to neural pathways are specific to psychological well being (Chiao and Blizinsky (2013). Chiao and Blizinsky (2013) advance several studies that show the effect of culture on the limbic neural circuitry, as for example, the amygdala. People in the United States and Japan had a higher amygdala response of fear from facial expressions within their own culture as opposed to those from outside cultures. This indicates that neural circuitry is design to be more sensitive to fear from within ones cultural group.
      Another interesting takeaway is the cultural values of hierarchy preference. An example is advanced by Cheon et al. (as cited in Chiao and Blizinsky, 2013) who demonstrated that Koreans showed a great neural response in the left-parietal junction when seeing people from their own culture in pain as opposed to seeing someone from another culture, such as a White American.
        A final takeaway for the author is the origins of these differences, which Chiao and Blizinsky (2013) elucidate can be explained by the evolutionary and adaptive functioning of the human species regarding specific regions where they originate from. Genetic selection may be a contributor to why different cultures have different biological and neural expression.
References
Ames, D. L., & Fiske, S. T. (2010). Cultural neuroscience. Asian journal of social psychology, 13(2), 72-82.
Chiao, J. Y., & Blizinsky, K. D. (2013). Population disparities in mental health: Insights from cultural neuroscience. American journal of public health, 103(S1), S122-S132.
Sue, D.W. & Sue, D. (2016). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Discussion MAIN POST

After reading the Chiao & Blizinsky (2013) article, what were your main takeaways? How would you describe the field of cultural neuroscience? Please find another scholarly source that addresses this topic and share what you found with the class.

Abigail RESPOND TO THE MAIN POST 

Manage Discussion Entry

This reading began with talking about how important mental health is in the world. The authors took a more financial stance on mental health, describing it as a financial burden on the globe. The authors then wrote that when people eliminate racial or ethnic minority health disparities, this also eliminates over $1 trillion within three years in the United States of indirect costs. However, one thing that is so important to understanding mental health in a world as diverse as ours is to understand the culture does make a difference.  When studying the social and biological mechanisms behind mental health disorders, one can infer that much progress was made regarding many disorders such as depression, addiction, and many more. The authors go on to state that most research has been done in Western countries and while this means that this mental health research is done with Western participants.
When it comes to sociocultural factors, there is an increase in exposure to hazards when in a lower social class. Those who have reduced exposure to these environmental hazards are known to have a higher resilience than those who don’t have those environmental buffers. One of these hazards includes exposure to negative stereotypes. If one has this exposure, then they may be more susceptible to mental illness. Those who have lower socioeconomic status are less likely to have access to quality healthcare and are at risk to be more vulnerable to illness both physical and mental.
Biological factors also take place and center around epigenetics.  These social experiences such as stereotyping and low socioeconomic class all show a difference in gene expression. This shows that experiences change one’s genetic expression, but also shape the neural pathways in social cognition.
Putting culture and genetics together, cultural neuroscience is born and works to integrate methods from anthropology, neuroscience, neurogenetics, and cultural psychology. Cultural neuroscience focuses on problems surrounding culture today. Scientists research these problems and provide solutions to overcome cultural challenges. Currently, cultural neuroscience works to address current issues regarding health disparities in the population. Recent advances show how neural pathways are connected to culture and beliefs.  Chiao and Blizinsky (2013) showed that Caucasians living in Japan had an increased amygdala response compared to those who are Japanese living in Japan. Asians who lived in Europe were seen to have an increases amygdala response compared to Europeans living in Europe. It is shown that the longer Asians stay in Europe, the lower the amygdala response becomes.
In the end, while many people may go through many different experiences, there is proof that when put in a place where one feels they do not belong geographically, there is a clear response in the brain. People are constantly changing neurologically and the effect that cultural neuroscience has on the world will be tremendous.
References
Chiao, J. Y., & Blizinsky, K. D. (2013). Population disparities in mental health: Insights from cultural neuroscience. American journal of public health, 103(S1), S122-S132.
Chiao, J., Hariri, A., Harada, T., Mano, Y., Sadato, N., Parrish, T., & Iidaka, T. (2010, June). Theory and methods in cultural neuroscience. Retrieved January 27, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2894689/

Students will develop a flowchart representing the most appropriate approach to working with data regarding your selected institutional issue or problem.  You will illustrate the data collection and analysis process as well as include a narrative description of how this data will be used to inform your organizational improvement project.

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