Respond to two colleagues:

Identify a barrier that might make it difficult to implement the solution-focused model with the client described.
Discuss how a social worker could help a client re-focus on the present, rather than on their past.

Colleague 1
Discussion – Week 9
COLLAPSE
This quarter being my first field placement but due to COVID-19 all onsite field experience was suspended in March and not being able to utilize a case study. I chose to use the case of Tiffani Bradley to complete this week’s discussion.

The presenting problem

In this case Tiffani, a 16-year-old Caucasian female, has a history of running away due to past experiences of emotional, physical, mental and sexual trauma. Court mandated to reside at a group home but now upon discharge Tiffani is showing some ambivalence on her next place of residence. 

From the list of solution-focused questions on page 520 (e.g., exception questions, coping questions, scaling questions, and relationship questions), identify two different types of questions, and ask each question as if you were actually asking the questions to the client. (Remember, do not use the miracle question.). Remember that the goal of these questions is to assist clients in identifying a solution.

Coping questions attempt to help the client shift his/her focus away from the presenting issues and towards what the client is doing to survive the painful or stressful circumstances (The Pennsylvania Child Welfare Resource Center, n.d.).

A coping question for Tiffani would be: You reported being unsure of whether you want to return home with your family or Donald. What have you found that is helpful in managing this situation?

Scaling questions invite the clients to put their observations, impressions, and predictions:

On a scale from 0 to 10 (0 being no chance, and 10 being every chance). Questions need to be specific, citing specific times and circumstances (The Pennsylvania Child Welfare Resource Center, n.d.).

A scaling question for Tiffani would be: On a scale of 0 to 10, what are the chances that you’ll be able to say “No” to Donald when he asks you to come back home with him?

Explain how asking these two questions would help the client in coming up with the solution.

These questions would enable Tiffani to transition from ambivalence to a more solution-focused perspective because it will force her to identify and address her feelings and experiences. The application of this theory would also hold the client accountable for the outcomes of their goals.

In 1 to 2 sentences, reflect and explain how asking these questions made you feel and perhaps how the client might feel.

These questions enabled me to reflect on personal experiences and to view them from the perspective of the client. To also measure her motivation and readiness to change towards resolving her current issues.

References

The Pennsylvania Child Welfare Resource Center. (n.d.). Solution-Focused Interviewing Skills & Questions. Retrieved online from http://www.pacwrc.pitt.edu/Curriculum/301EngggClntsFrmAnSBSFPrspctv/Hndts/HO_9_Solu.

Turner, F. J. (Ed.). (2017). Social work treatment: Interlocking theoretical approaches (6th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Chapter 35: Solution-Focused Theory (pp. 513531).

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Colleague  2
9
COLLAPSE
The Client:

When working with families and trying to keep families together we have to utilize solution-focus theory throughout our cases and practices. Solution focused theory puts the client in control of the outcome and we are there to assist with their journey (Turner, 2017). The case I will focus on is my work with a family; well call them the Huebers. The Huebers have come to my agency seeking assistance with their CPS case. They were referred to the WRAP program and we will be working with the client and family to improve communication, establish good discipline practices and family therapy.

The Questions:

I utilize exception questions consistently in my current job as well as in my undergrad field experience. An exception question asks about what life was like before the problem or with the absence of a current stressor (Turner, 2017). I think this is an important question because we can focus on what was going right and try to apply it to the current situation. I would ask the Huebers: tell me about a time when you all had good communication?

I also utilize coping questions. They are similar to exception questions; however, a coping question asks how one successfully coped with an issue during a situation that might typically become escalated (Turner, 2017). In the Huebers case I would ask the parents: tell me about a time that the two of you argued and it didnt escalate into a physical altercation what did you two do differently? Was the communication better? Did you give each other space, etc?

How are the questions going to identify a solution?

The purpose of these questions are to identify what has work and what is working as well as strategies that can be built upon to find a solution. These questions wont solve the concerns. The clients must actively work at utilizing what they say works and building upon already identified coping skills as well as developing new ones. This may take time. Clients may not know what their coping skills are or why an altercation didnt escalate which is why you should ask follow up questions.

How would these questions make me/the client feel?

I think these questions are meant to make you stop and analyze your own situation. I think if I couldnt think of any positives that it would make me feel discouraged. However, Ive had many clients who cannot think of a time when things were better or a time where a situation didnt escalate. That can seem discouraging. Ive always used follow up questions to guide clients to positive, no matter how small. In the Huebers case, they had many positives and were able to identify them and coping skills that worked pretty quickly without much follow up, so I would imagine they felt hopeful.

Reference

Turner, F. J. (Ed.). (2017). Social work treatment: Interlocking theoretical approaches (6th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Chapter 35: Solution-Focused Theory (pp. 513531).

conversations with their clients, families, groups, or even community members facilitate their thinking about solutions. The client is always the expert, and therefore social workers ask questions to explore how the client perceives the problem and situation.

Social workers may use solution-focused questions such as the miracle question. For example, Suppose you woke up one morning and by some miracle everything you ever wanted, everything good you could ever imagine for yourself, had actually happenedyour life had turned out exactly the way you wanted it. What would be different in your life? When clients are asked this, it forces them to reflect on what they want or would like to achieve. By projecting themselves into the future, clients are more likely to imagine what is possible rather than focusing on the past and their failures. This allows for the possibility of developing solutions.

In this Discussion, you apply the solution-focused model and solution-focused questions. You provide other solution-focused questions, similar to the miracle question that was provided for you.

Although the textbook provides actual examples of solution-focused questions, always think about your clientyou may have to modify the question a bit to take into account the clients age, cognitive and developmental stage, culture, etc., so that the question makes sense to the client.

To prepare:

Recall a case from your fieldwork experience to use for this Discussion.
Review and focus on pages 520521 in your textbook.
By Day 3
Post:

In 1 to 2 sentences, briefly identify and describe the problem as perceived by the client, family, or group that you dealt with in your past fieldwork experience.
From the list of solution-focused questions on page 520 (e.g., exception questions, coping questions, scaling questions, and relationship questions), identify two different types of questions, and ask each question as if you were actually asking the questions to the client. (Remember, do not use the miracle question.)
Remember that the goal of these questions is to assist clients in identifying a solution
Explain how asking these two questions would help the client in coming up with the solution.
In 1 to 2 sentences, reflect and explain how asking these questions made you feel and perhaps how the client might feel.

Respond to two colleagues who selected a case study different from yours:

Compare and contrast the article you selected with your colleagues article in terms of how they might inform appropriateness for use with the identified client.
Explain how reviewing the different studies presented in this Discussion influenced your decision about whether you would use the therapy, given various evidence for the different treatment modalities.

  Colleague 1

      DBT Intervention

Article: Piloting a Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) Infused Skills Group in a Disciplinary Alternative Education Program (DAEP)

Briefly paraphrase, in 2 to 3 sentences, the methodological context (i.e., research method, how data was collected, and the instruments used) of the study and the findings.

    In this article a four-week skills group intervention program used the DBT model included one therapy group and a control group. In the fall all incoming students and their parents took a youth outcome questionnaire which consisted of 30-items with six sub scales and a total score. (YOQ)(Wells, Burlingame, Lambert, Hoag, & Hope, 1996).This gave researchers a base data collection. In session five the students took a Social interaction questionnaire to determine improvements in behaviors. ( (SIQ;Ricard, 2009).

Evaluate the findings in terms of its applicability or appropriateness for the client in your case study.

  The findings in this article used Mindfulness skills which involves attending to emotions, thoughts, and physical experiences without judging or trying to change them. In the case study of Tiffani the case worker can introduce her to mindfulness skills that would help her develop skills for reducing vulnerability to negative emotions and recognizing the changeability of ones emotional responses (Choate, 2012; Linehan, 1993). The article also stated that students who used the distress tolerance skills allows them to cope with painful events by building resilience and learning new ways to manage the uncomfortable feelings (McKay, Wood, & Brantley, 2007). Tiffani could benefit from these skills of DBT to support her emotions, physical experiences that she had endured from the abuse by her family and pimp. By providing her with impulse control skills, and the above DBT skills this will allow Tiffani to self-determine where she goes after the group home.( Theory Into Practice: Four Social Work Case Studies).

Determine whether you would use or not use the therapy you selected for the client in your selected case study (consider how culturally relevant it is, how aligned it is with social work ethics, etc.) and explain why.

        I would use Dialectical Behavior Therapy with Tiffani. It is evidence based. DBT works on teaching skills to clients that focuses on mindfulness which includes dealing with emotions, thoughts, and physical experiences, along with Impulse behavior control.  I feel DBT is aligned with social work ethics because DBT takes into consideration dignity and worth of the person. As her social worker, I would work with her on a Micro level through individual and group counseling. As she transitions out of the group home, I would provide possible connections to services within the community on a Macro level. This would re-enforce and boost her confidence that she can be successful now and in the future. I would adhere to the Social Workers code of ethics. (Socialworkers.org)

References

Burlingame, G. M, Dunn, T., Hill, M., Cox, M., Wells, M. G., Lambert, M., & Reisinger, C. W. (2002). Youth    outcome questionnaire (YOQ30.2). Stevenson, MD: American Professional Credentialing Services, LLC.

Choate, L. (2012). Counseling adolescents who engage in non-suicidal self-Injury: A dialectical behavior therapy approach. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 34(1), 5671. C

Linehan, M. M. (1993). Skills training manual for treating borderline personality disorder. New York, NY: Guilford.

Ricard, R. J. (2009, Social Interaction Questionnaire (SIQ): Measuring social and emotional climate. Unpublished instrument.

https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics

Theory Into Practice: Four Social Work Case Studies.

Wells, M. G., Burlingame, G. M., Lambert, M. J., Hoag, M. J., & Hope, C. A. (1996). Conceptualization and measurement of patient change during psychotherapy: Development of the Outcome Questionnaire and Youth Outcome Questionnaire. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 33, 275283. doi:10.1037= 0033-3204.33.2.275.

Colleague 1

Reference

Graham, M. A., Sauerheber, J. D., & Britzman, M. J. (2013). Choice theory and family counseling: A pragmatic, culturally sensitive approach. Family Journal, 21(2), 230-234.

Methodological Context

Reality therapy provides therapist with the tools needed to facilitate behavior change that include the WDEP system which allows continuity throughout the therapeutic process (Graham, Sauerheber, & Britzman, 2013). When utilizing reality therapy, research is collected by using the WDEP system. W representing what the client wants, D representing what the client is doing to get what they want, E is the clients evaluation of how they are doing and P meaning what is their current plan. Reality therapy focuses on behavioral change, assessing client need fulfillment and assessing client life choices.

Evaluation of Findings

Reality therapy would be appropriate for a client because it requires them to set their own goals, evaluate themselves and provide feedback. Since reality therapy focuses on behavioral change and client fulfillment, a client is able to benefit from a therapy that focuses on establishing and accomplishing goals.

Determine and Why

I would use reality therapy while working with Tiffani because it gives her the chance to utilize self-determination when establishing her What and Tiffani is able to evaluate and monitor her own progress towards her goals. Tiffani is also able to develop a plan of action which I think is important when working with a client who has just spent the past 2 years under someone else control. Reality therapy gives Tiffani some independence in that she decides what she wants and what shes doing to get what she wants. Reality therapy is also beneficially during family therapy in that it focuses on behavioral change as well as focusing on what the family needs in order to remain close and harmoniously (Wubbolding, 2000).

Reference

Graham, M. A., Sauerheber, J. D., & Britzman, M. J. (2013). Choice theory and family counseling: A pragmatic, culturally sensitive approach. Family Journal, 21(2), 230-234.

Wubbolding, R. E. (2000). Reality therapy for the 21st century. New York, NY: Routledge.

Respond to two colleagues:

Discuss how you would use the data collected by your colleague to guide the next step in the planned change process or to inform future work with clients.
Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message.

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Colleague 1
RE: Discussion – Week 5
COLLAPSE
    Reflect on your fieldwork experience, and identify a case where it would have been beneficial to employ resiliency theory:

        I have not done my fieldwork experience in my MSW I am doing that is this summer but for undergraduate in my Human Services program my fieldwork experience was working with k-5 graders in our before and after school program and working with first graders learning to read. A case where it would have been beneficial to employ resiliency theory was with our ELA learner’s (early language learners).

        Describe the case in 2 sentences:

I had a little girl who was from Burma in first grade I was helping her to learn to read. Her first language was Burmese and she was learning English.

   

Describe the presenting problem in one concise sentence:

        The presenting problem is the language barrier where our early language learners have to translate either Spanish or Burmese as their first language into English their second language at school, but at home parents might speak no English or very little English.

 

Describe an intervention you would implement to promote resiliency:

    An intervention I would use is solution-focused therapy along with adversity to promote resiliency with the client learning a new language. With solution-focused therapy it will help the client focus on each of their strengths. Using adversity with the client will also help them see what they have over come such as moving to a new country, learning a new language, making new friends, getting support from school staff and language interpretors in order to be a successful student.

Identify an instrument from the Smith-Osborne and Whitehill Boltons article that would be appropriate when employing a single-subject design to evaluate how effective the intervention is in increasing the clients level of resiliency:

    I would use the Resilience Scale for Children and Adolescents. The Resilience Scale for Children and Adolescents (RSCA) was developed for use in preventive screening for psychological vulnerability (Prince-Embury, 2008). This scale would be appropriate in order to see  if the child has any psychological vulnerability that could be contributing to their ability to learn English as a new language.

   

Explain why you selected the instrument:

        Why I chose this instrument is because the resilience scale for children and adolescents focus on three content areas: optimism, self-efcacy, and adaptability.(Prince-Embury & Courville, 2008b) this scale will help the social worker and client make a list of things the client is good at and a list of areas in their life they want to build optimism, self-efficacy and adaptability. Perhaps it is areas of social skills to make new friends or obtain a new job, academics, community such as playing sports or interacting with others at church, and family events the client wants to work on.

why would the instrument be appropriate?

  I feel the instrument would be appropriate for a early language learner to take because it focuses on the three areas of optimism, self-efficacy and adaptability. You would have to take into consideration of the persons age, grade, and what grade they came to the United States as a early language learner. I would not use the resilience scale on young elementary students but students in Third grade up to twelveth grade.

References

Prince-Embury, S. (2008). The Resiliency Scale for Children and Adolescents, psychologicalsymptoms, and clinical status in adolescents. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 23, 4156.

Prince-Embury, S., & Courville, T. (2008b). Measurementinvariance of the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents with respect to sex and age cohorts. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 23, 2644.

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Colleague 2

RE: Discussion – Week 5 Attachment
COLLAPSE
Reflect on your fieldwork experience and identify a case where it would have been beneficial to employ resiliency theory. Describe the case in 2 sentences.

In my current field experience, I am interning at a non-profit after school program targeting at-risk youth grades 5th-8th grade. One goal at Center 360 focuses on is basic life skills, behavior modification and career exposure. For the normal schedule, we set aside 30-minutes for homework time before moving to the next phase of the day.They are expected to complete their homework in its entirety and have interns to review it.

In this case, the resilience theory would be very beneficial. Khalil is a 5th grader who has some behavioral issues and reading his file it gave insight on the reasons behind his behavior. He is a prime example of coping with abandonment issues and beating the odds in his environment at an early ago.

Describe the presenting problem in one concise sentence. 

One student is a 5th grader who has difficulties staying on task and has to be redirected a few times before he completes his homework. I noticed if he finds a math or reading problem difficult he will display resistance and refuses to complete his assignments instead of asking for help as instructed.

Describe an intervention you would implement to promote the resiliency.

The strength-based approach would be an intervention I would implement to promote resiliency for Khalil. I would also apply solution-focused therapy as it would help Khalil to focus on the here and now and completing the task at hand. Minimize the emphasis on past failings and problems. Khalil and I would focus on his strengths and past accomplishments.

Identify an instrument from the Smith-Osborne and Whitehill Boltons article that would be appropriate when employing a single-subject design to evaluate how effective the intervention is in increasing the clients level of resiliency.

An instrument from the Smith-Osborne and Whitehill Boltons article that would be appropriate when employing a single-subject design to evaluate how effective the intervention is in increasing the clients level of resiliency would be the RSCA method by (Prince-Embury, 2008). The RSCA instrument consists of 3 scales: Emotional reactivity, sense of mastery, and sense of relatedness. The sense of relatedness monitors the individuals ability to trust others and the capacity to accept others. Emotional reactivity monitors the individuals sensitivity level and their behavior when upset. Sense of mastery measures the individuals adaptability, and how they perceive uncontrollable factors in life.

Explain why you selected the instrument. In other words, why would the instrument be appropriate? (Consider the age of the client and for whom the instrument was designed, how feasible it would be to administer the instrument such as cost, time to administer it, etc.). 

I believe that the RSCA instrument would be appropriate being that Khalil is 10 years old and falls into the age range for RCSA sampling. The RCSA validation sampled adolescents ages 9 to 18 years old. The sample measures the resilience in children and adolescents. It is also free of cost and would not cause any financial burdens on Khalil or his support system.

References

Smith-Osborne, A., & Whitehill Bolton K. (2013). Assessing resilience: A review of measures across the life course. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 10(2), 111126. doi:10.1080/15433714.2011.597305.

Turner, F. J. (Ed.). (2017). Social work treatment: Interlocking theoretical approaches (6th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Chapter 29: Resiliency Theory and Social Work Practice (pp. 441451).

Respond to at least two colleagues:

Compare your response with your colleagues. Identify any insights you gained from your peers response.
Discuss whether or how to address values related to the development and use of a specific theory when working with clients.

Colleague  1

Freuds Psychoanalytical Theory

Freuds psychoanalytical theory basically stated that women have less strongly developed superegos. (Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. 2005. p. 219.) With the development of the Id, Ego and Superego, Freud looked into how behavior and personality is developed. According to Freud, women are more passive and men are somewhat more rigid in their application of moral rules. (Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. 2005. p. 219) Freud also introduced the idea of Penis Envy stating that women are envious of men and view men as being better.

Is Psychoanalytical Theory Appropriate for Women?

I do feel that some parts of the psychoanalytical theory can be utilized but the theory was based on a lot of assumptions so utilizing this theory can also be risky. In essence, theories can be developed and adjusted overtime to better fit the society we live in. Over time, theorists have developed more current theories that are more suitable when working with women and minority groups. When discussing the utilization of Id, Ego and Superego, I do believe that it is appropriate for women and trying to understand the development of behavior and personality.

Is the Psychoanalytical Theory Consistent with Social Work Values?

I do not believe Freuds psychoanalytical theory is consistent with social work values and ethics due to it lacking dignity and worth of the client. The psychoanalytical theory believes women are in a sense less than men and that women have penis envy. The theory lacks awareness of women and minorities so I think utilizing this theory may do more harm than good.

References

Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. (2005). How is therapy with women different? In Resolution and inner conflict: An introduction to psychoanalytic therapy (pp. 217236). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

National Association of Social Workers. (2008). Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Retrieved from https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics-English

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Colleague 2APSE
Freuds psychoanalytical theory was based on the concepts of the psychosexual drive energy. Freud seemed to assume that this drive created the internal fantasies that ultimately are responsible for the emergence of personality, social relations, and virtually every other aspect of human development (Turner, 2017). Freud went on to divide his theory into five categories. The first explained how anxiety and depression interfered with everyday functioning, the second focused on obstructions in child development, the third focused on the unconscious, asking that his audience lend meaning to those cryptic wishes (Turner 2017). The fourth category focused on the subject of infantile sexuality, broaching the idea that we were all born bisexual and that this stays with us throughout our lives, regardless of orientation. The fifth and final pillar of his psychoanalytic theory focused on mental health treatment for those who needed help, but whom were scared of the cultural stigma, which indicated that mental health was a disgrace.

As for whether or not it is inappropriate to apply psychoanalytic theory to women and individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups, I would have to think it was inappropriate. If using Freuds original psychoanalytic theory, Freud seemed to have a biased opinion regarding women. For example, he believed that women had less strongly developed superegos (Alud, Hyma, Rudzinski; 2005). In a sense, Freud seemed to believe that women were less than (mentally) compared to their male counterparts. I would not apply his version of the psychoanalytic theory to women due to the bias nature, but times have changed so further, differently understood versions of the psychoanalytic theory could possibly be used.

I do feel that the psychoanalytic theory does and does not follow social work values and ethics. Freud developed this theory as a means to help understand the link between the conscious and unconscious and to help others struggling with mental health. In that stance, the theory instills the values of service and social justice. Service is provided when social workers draw on their knowledge, values, and skills to help people in need and to address social problems (NASW Code of Ethics, 2020). Social justice is achieved when social workers pursue social change, particularly with and on behalf of vulnerable or oppressed individuals and groups of people (NASW Code of Ethics, 2020). Freud was wanting to provide a treatment to those whom were being oppressed (i.e. the mental health population). However, his biased opinions on women were seem as lacking competence, which means that in this sense, the theory did not follow the social work values. Competence means that social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise (NASW Code of Ethics, 2020). Again, Freud lacked this due to the biased opinions on women.

References:

Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. (2005). How is therapy with women different? In Resolution and inner conflict: An introduction to psychoanalytic therapy (pp. 217236). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

National Association of Social Workers. (2008). Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Retrieved from https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics-English

Turner, F. J. (Ed.). (2017). Social work treatment: Interlocking theoretical approaches (6th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press

Respond to at least two colleagues:

Compare your response with your colleagues. Identify any insights you gained from your peers response.
Discuss whether or how to address values related to the development and use of a specific theory when working with clients.

Colleague  1

Freuds Psychoanalytical Theory

Freuds psychoanalytical theory basically stated that women have less strongly developed superegos. (Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. 2005. p. 219.) With the development of the Id, Ego and Superego, Freud looked into how behavior and personality is developed. According to Freud, women are more passive and men are somewhat more rigid in their application of moral rules. (Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. 2005. p. 219) Freud also introduced the idea of Penis Envy stating that women are envious of men and view men as being better.

Is Psychoanalytical Theory Appropriate for Women?

I do feel that some parts of the psychoanalytical theory can be utilized but the theory was based on a lot of assumptions so utilizing this theory can also be risky. In essence, theories can be developed and adjusted overtime to better fit the society we live in. Over time, theorists have developed more current theories that are more suitable when working with women and minority groups. When discussing the utilization of Id, Ego and Superego, I do believe that it is appropriate for women and trying to understand the development of behavior and personality.

Is the Psychoanalytical Theory Consistent with Social Work Values?

I do not believe Freuds psychoanalytical theory is consistent with social work values and ethics due to it lacking dignity and worth of the client. The psychoanalytical theory believes women are in a sense less than men and that women have penis envy. The theory lacks awareness of women and minorities so I think utilizing this theory may do more harm than good.

References

Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. (2005). How is therapy with women different? In Resolution and inner conflict: An introduction to psychoanalytic therapy (pp. 217236). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

National Association of Social Workers. (2008). Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Retrieved from https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics-English

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Colleague 2APSE
Freuds psychoanalytical theory was based on the concepts of the psychosexual drive energy. Freud seemed to assume that this drive created the internal fantasies that ultimately are responsible for the emergence of personality, social relations, and virtually every other aspect of human development (Turner, 2017). Freud went on to divide his theory into five categories. The first explained how anxiety and depression interfered with everyday functioning, the second focused on obstructions in child development, the third focused on the unconscious, asking that his audience lend meaning to those cryptic wishes (Turner 2017). The fourth category focused on the subject of infantile sexuality, broaching the idea that we were all born bisexual and that this stays with us throughout our lives, regardless of orientation. The fifth and final pillar of his psychoanalytic theory focused on mental health treatment for those who needed help, but whom were scared of the cultural stigma, which indicated that mental health was a disgrace.

As for whether or not it is inappropriate to apply psychoanalytic theory to women and individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups, I would have to think it was inappropriate. If using Freuds original psychoanalytic theory, Freud seemed to have a biased opinion regarding women. For example, he believed that women had less strongly developed superegos (Alud, Hyma, Rudzinski; 2005). In a sense, Freud seemed to believe that women were less than (mentally) compared to their male counterparts. I would not apply his version of the psychoanalytic theory to women due to the bias nature, but times have changed so further, differently understood versions of the psychoanalytic theory could possibly be used.

I do feel that the psychoanalytic theory does and does not follow social work values and ethics. Freud developed this theory as a means to help understand the link between the conscious and unconscious and to help others struggling with mental health. In that stance, the theory instills the values of service and social justice. Service is provided when social workers draw on their knowledge, values, and skills to help people in need and to address social problems (NASW Code of Ethics, 2020). Social justice is achieved when social workers pursue social change, particularly with and on behalf of vulnerable or oppressed individuals and groups of people (NASW Code of Ethics, 2020). Freud was wanting to provide a treatment to those whom were being oppressed (i.e. the mental health population). However, his biased opinions on women were seem as lacking competence, which means that in this sense, the theory did not follow the social work values. Competence means that social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise (NASW Code of Ethics, 2020). Again, Freud lacked this due to the biased opinions on women.

References:

Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. (2005). How is therapy with women different? In Resolution and inner conflict: An introduction to psychoanalytic therapy (pp. 217236). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

National Association of Social Workers. (2008). Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Retrieved from https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics-English

Turner, F. J. (Ed.). (2017). Social work treatment: Interlocking theoretical approaches (6th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press

Respond to at least two colleagues:

Compare your response with your colleagues. Identify any insights you gained from your peers response.
Discuss whether or how to address values related to the development and use of a specific theory when working with clients.

Colleague  1

Freuds Psychoanalytical Theory

Freuds psychoanalytical theory basically stated that women have less strongly developed superegos. (Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. 2005. p. 219.) With the development of the Id, Ego and Superego, Freud looked into how behavior and personality is developed. According to Freud, women are more passive and men are somewhat more rigid in their application of moral rules. (Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. 2005. p. 219) Freud also introduced the idea of Penis Envy stating that women are envious of men and view men as being better.

Is Psychoanalytical Theory Appropriate for Women?

I do feel that some parts of the psychoanalytical theory can be utilized but the theory was based on a lot of assumptions so utilizing this theory can also be risky. In essence, theories can be developed and adjusted overtime to better fit the society we live in. Over time, theorists have developed more current theories that are more suitable when working with women and minority groups. When discussing the utilization of Id, Ego and Superego, I do believe that it is appropriate for women and trying to understand the development of behavior and personality.

Is the Psychoanalytical Theory Consistent with Social Work Values?

I do not believe Freuds psychoanalytical theory is consistent with social work values and ethics due to it lacking dignity and worth of the client. The psychoanalytical theory believes women are in a sense less than men and that women have penis envy. The theory lacks awareness of women and minorities so I think utilizing this theory may do more harm than good.

References

Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. (2005). How is therapy with women different? In Resolution and inner conflict: An introduction to psychoanalytic therapy (pp. 217236). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

National Association of Social Workers. (2008). Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Retrieved from https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics-English

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Colleague 2APSE
Freuds psychoanalytical theory was based on the concepts of the psychosexual drive energy. Freud seemed to assume that this drive created the internal fantasies that ultimately are responsible for the emergence of personality, social relations, and virtually every other aspect of human development (Turner, 2017). Freud went on to divide his theory into five categories. The first explained how anxiety and depression interfered with everyday functioning, the second focused on obstructions in child development, the third focused on the unconscious, asking that his audience lend meaning to those cryptic wishes (Turner 2017). The fourth category focused on the subject of infantile sexuality, broaching the idea that we were all born bisexual and that this stays with us throughout our lives, regardless of orientation. The fifth and final pillar of his psychoanalytic theory focused on mental health treatment for those who needed help, but whom were scared of the cultural stigma, which indicated that mental health was a disgrace.

As for whether or not it is inappropriate to apply psychoanalytic theory to women and individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups, I would have to think it was inappropriate. If using Freuds original psychoanalytic theory, Freud seemed to have a biased opinion regarding women. For example, he believed that women had less strongly developed superegos (Alud, Hyma, Rudzinski; 2005). In a sense, Freud seemed to believe that women were less than (mentally) compared to their male counterparts. I would not apply his version of the psychoanalytic theory to women due to the bias nature, but times have changed so further, differently understood versions of the psychoanalytic theory could possibly be used.

I do feel that the psychoanalytic theory does and does not follow social work values and ethics. Freud developed this theory as a means to help understand the link between the conscious and unconscious and to help others struggling with mental health. In that stance, the theory instills the values of service and social justice. Service is provided when social workers draw on their knowledge, values, and skills to help people in need and to address social problems (NASW Code of Ethics, 2020). Social justice is achieved when social workers pursue social change, particularly with and on behalf of vulnerable or oppressed individuals and groups of people (NASW Code of Ethics, 2020). Freud was wanting to provide a treatment to those whom were being oppressed (i.e. the mental health population). However, his biased opinions on women were seem as lacking competence, which means that in this sense, the theory did not follow the social work values. Competence means that social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise (NASW Code of Ethics, 2020). Again, Freud lacked this due to the biased opinions on women.

References:

Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. (2005). How is therapy with women different? In Resolution and inner conflict: An introduction to psychoanalytic therapy (pp. 217236). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

National Association of Social Workers. (2008). Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Retrieved from https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics-English

Turner, F. J. (Ed.). (2017). Social work treatment: Interlocking theoretical approaches (6th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press

Respond to at least two colleagues:

Compare your response with your colleagues. Identify any insights you gained from your peers response.
Discuss whether or how to address values related to the development and use of a specific theory when working with clients.

Colleague  1

Freuds Psychoanalytical Theory

Freuds psychoanalytical theory basically stated that women have less strongly developed superegos. (Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. 2005. p. 219.) With the development of the Id, Ego and Superego, Freud looked into how behavior and personality is developed. According to Freud, women are more passive and men are somewhat more rigid in their application of moral rules. (Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. 2005. p. 219) Freud also introduced the idea of Penis Envy stating that women are envious of men and view men as being better.

Is Psychoanalytical Theory Appropriate for Women?

I do feel that some parts of the psychoanalytical theory can be utilized but the theory was based on a lot of assumptions so utilizing this theory can also be risky. In essence, theories can be developed and adjusted overtime to better fit the society we live in. Over time, theorists have developed more current theories that are more suitable when working with women and minority groups. When discussing the utilization of Id, Ego and Superego, I do believe that it is appropriate for women and trying to understand the development of behavior and personality.

Is the Psychoanalytical Theory Consistent with Social Work Values?

I do not believe Freuds psychoanalytical theory is consistent with social work values and ethics due to it lacking dignity and worth of the client. The psychoanalytical theory believes women are in a sense less than men and that women have penis envy. The theory lacks awareness of women and minorities so I think utilizing this theory may do more harm than good.

References

Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. (2005). How is therapy with women different? In Resolution and inner conflict: An introduction to psychoanalytic therapy (pp. 217236). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

National Association of Social Workers. (2008). Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Retrieved from https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics-English

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Colleague 2APSE
Freuds psychoanalytical theory was based on the concepts of the psychosexual drive energy. Freud seemed to assume that this drive created the internal fantasies that ultimately are responsible for the emergence of personality, social relations, and virtually every other aspect of human development (Turner, 2017). Freud went on to divide his theory into five categories. The first explained how anxiety and depression interfered with everyday functioning, the second focused on obstructions in child development, the third focused on the unconscious, asking that his audience lend meaning to those cryptic wishes (Turner 2017). The fourth category focused on the subject of infantile sexuality, broaching the idea that we were all born bisexual and that this stays with us throughout our lives, regardless of orientation. The fifth and final pillar of his psychoanalytic theory focused on mental health treatment for those who needed help, but whom were scared of the cultural stigma, which indicated that mental health was a disgrace.

As for whether or not it is inappropriate to apply psychoanalytic theory to women and individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups, I would have to think it was inappropriate. If using Freuds original psychoanalytic theory, Freud seemed to have a biased opinion regarding women. For example, he believed that women had less strongly developed superegos (Alud, Hyma, Rudzinski; 2005). In a sense, Freud seemed to believe that women were less than (mentally) compared to their male counterparts. I would not apply his version of the psychoanalytic theory to women due to the bias nature, but times have changed so further, differently understood versions of the psychoanalytic theory could possibly be used.

I do feel that the psychoanalytic theory does and does not follow social work values and ethics. Freud developed this theory as a means to help understand the link between the conscious and unconscious and to help others struggling with mental health. In that stance, the theory instills the values of service and social justice. Service is provided when social workers draw on their knowledge, values, and skills to help people in need and to address social problems (NASW Code of Ethics, 2020). Social justice is achieved when social workers pursue social change, particularly with and on behalf of vulnerable or oppressed individuals and groups of people (NASW Code of Ethics, 2020). Freud was wanting to provide a treatment to those whom were being oppressed (i.e. the mental health population). However, his biased opinions on women were seem as lacking competence, which means that in this sense, the theory did not follow the social work values. Competence means that social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise (NASW Code of Ethics, 2020). Again, Freud lacked this due to the biased opinions on women.

References:

Auld, F., Hyman, M., & Rudzinski, D. (2005). How is therapy with women different? In Resolution and inner conflict: An introduction to psychoanalytic therapy (pp. 217236). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

National Association of Social Workers. (2008). Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Retrieved from https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics-English

Turner, F. J. (Ed.). (2017). Social work treatment: Interlocking theoretical approaches (6th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press

you have read, theory guides the conceptualization of the clients problem and how social workers assess and intervene relative to the problem. However, theory can also shape the self-reflective questions social workers ask themselves. Clients often come to social workers under stress or distress. This then affects how the social worker responds and thus the client-social worker relationship. As a result, Foley, Nash, and Munford (2009) employed attachment theory as a lens in which to view the reflective process itself and to gain greater understanding and empathy for what each social worker within each unique social work-client relationship can access of that relationship for reflection (pp. 44).

This week, you will apply attachment theory to the case study you chose in Week 2. In other words, your theoretical orientationor lensis attachment theory as you analyze the case study.

To prepare:

Review the same case study you selected from last weeks Assignment. (Remember, you will be using this same case study throughout the entire course). Use the Dissecting a Theory and Its Application to a Case Study worksheet to help you dissect the theory. You do not need to submit this handout. It is a tool for you to use to dissect the theory, and then you can employ the information in the table to complete your assignment.
Review attachment theory and the following article listed in the Learning Resources: Foley, M., Nash, M., & Munford, R. (2009). Bringing practice into theory: Reflective practice and attachment theory. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work Review, 21(1/2), p3947. Retrieved http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol21iss1-2id318
By Day 7
Submit a 1- to 2-page case write-up that addresses the following:

Summarize the assumptions of attachment theory in 2 to 3 sentences.
Identify the problem in your chosen case study to be worked on from an attachment theory perspective.
Explain how attachment theory defines and explains the cause of the problem in one to two sentences.
Develop two assessment questions that are guided by attachment theory that you would ask the client to understand how the stress or distress is affecting the client.
Discuss two interventions to address the problem. Remember, the theory should be driving the interventions. In other words, you would not identify systematic desensitization since this is not an intervention guided by attachment theory.
Formulate one self-reflective question that is influenced by attachment theory that you can ask yourself to gain greater empathy for what the client is experiencing.
Explain which outcomes you could measure to evaluate client progress based theory.
Be sure to:

Identify and correctly reference the case study you have chosen.
Use literature to support your claims.
Use APA formatting and style.
Remember to double-space your paper.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., & Brocksen S. M. (Eds.). (2014). Sessions: Case histories. Retrieved from Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

You said you use the Levi case study. These the References from the assignment you did
Turner, F. (2011). Theory and social work treatment. In Social work treatment: Interlocking theoretical approaches (5th ed., pp. 313). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Walker, S. (2012). Effective social work with children, young people, and families: Putting systems theory into practice. Sage

you have read, theory guides the conceptualization of the clients problem and how social workers assess and intervene relative to the problem. However, theory can also shape the self-reflective questions social workers ask themselves. Clients often come to social workers under stress or distress. This then affects how the social worker responds and thus the client-social worker relationship. As a result, Foley, Nash, and Munford (2009) employed attachment theory as a lens in which to view the reflective process itself and to gain greater understanding and empathy for what each social worker within each unique social work-client relationship can access of that relationship for reflection (pp. 44).

This week, you will apply attachment theory to the case study you chose in Week 2. In other words, your theoretical orientationor lensis attachment theory as you analyze the case study.

To prepare:

Review the same case study you selected from last weeks Assignment. (Remember, you will be using this same case study throughout the entire course). Use the Dissecting a Theory and Its Application to a Case Study worksheet to help you dissect the theory. You do not need to submit this handout. It is a tool for you to use to dissect the theory, and then you can employ the information in the table to complete your assignment.
Review attachment theory and the following article listed in the Learning Resources: Foley, M., Nash, M., & Munford, R. (2009). Bringing practice into theory: Reflective practice and attachment theory. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work Review, 21(1/2), p3947. Retrieved http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol21iss1-2id318
By Day 7
Submit a 1- to 2-page case write-up that addresses the following:

Summarize the assumptions of attachment theory in 2 to 3 sentences.
Identify the problem in your chosen case study to be worked on from an attachment theory perspective.
Explain how attachment theory defines and explains the cause of the problem in one to two sentences.
Develop two assessment questions that are guided by attachment theory that you would ask the client to understand how the stress or distress is affecting the client.
Discuss two interventions to address the problem. Remember, the theory should be driving the interventions. In other words, you would not identify systematic desensitization since this is not an intervention guided by attachment theory.
Formulate one self-reflective question that is influenced by attachment theory that you can ask yourself to gain greater empathy for what the client is experiencing.
Explain which outcomes you could measure to evaluate client progress based theory.
Be sure to:

Identify and correctly reference the case study you have chosen.
Use literature to support your claims.
Use APA formatting and style.
Remember to double-space your paper.